Problem-based learning: the seven steps

Define the problem/sub-problems.

What phenomena or issues does the group want to highlight? Before step 3, the group should have chosen the problem(s) it wants to address.

Take stock of the group’s views and ideas about the problem.

If you have chosen several problems, start working on one. Use about 5-10 minutes for brainstorming per problem. Brainstorming: Note down all the suggestions, ideas and associations of the group without requiring explanations or critical review.

Systematise the stock-taking.

Review the suggestions that have emerged. Identify connections, categorise, evaluate and discard what does not seem to be relevant.

Formulate learning objectives.

Narrow down what you do not understand or cannot explain. Formulate questions and make it clear what your learning needs are, based on the analysis in step 4.

Acquire knowledge in relation to the learning needs.

Each group member should recognise what knowledge they should acquire and how to do it. This step can be done individually or in groups.

Put the newly acquired knowledge together and use it to solve identified problems.

The newly acquired knowledge should be reviewed in the group and discussed in relation to the problem. The knowledge should provide the conditions for a deeper understanding of the problem and possibly answer the questions posed.